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Sverige i fokus · chapter 06

The role of the media

This chapter is about the role of the media in a democracy. Freedom of the press has been protected by fundamental law since 1766, and freedom of expression covers radio, television and digital media as well. Public service broadcasting is funded through taxation and is meant to be independent of both the state and commercial interests. Protection of sources means someone who passes information to the media can stay anonymous. The freedom has limits: defamation and incitement against an ethnic group are crimes.

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Topics from: Sverige i fokus (UHR)

Chapter overview

Worth knowing

Facts from the chapter that come up often in the questions.

  1. 01 How Public Service Is Funded Introduced on 1 January 2019
  2. 02 SVT (Swedish Public Television) Public service TV since 1978.
  3. 03 From TV-avgift to the public-service fee The old TV-avgift was a per-household licence fee paid if you owned a television.
  4. 04 Utbildningsradion The educational public service company
  5. 05 Offentlighetsprincipen (Principle of Public Access) Enacted 1766 — world's oldest freedom-of-information law.
  6. 06 Sveriges Radio The public service radio company
  7. 07 SR (Swedish Public Radio) Four national channels: P1, P2, P3, P4.
  8. 08 The Responsible Publisher Required for periodical publications and broadcasts

10 questions

Practice questions

  1. Question 1 of 10

    Which authority collects Sweden's public service charge?

    • The Swedish Tax Agency
    • The Swedish Agency for the Media
    • The Post and Telecom Authority
    • The Enforcement Authority
    Explanation

    The Swedish Tax Agency — No payment slips are sent out, since the charge is taken with the tax.

  2. Question 2 of 10

    Which of these is an SVT channel?

    • SVT2
    • Kanal 5
    • TV4
    • TV6
    Explanation

    SVT2 — SVT's main channels are SVT1, SVT2, SVT Barn, and Kunskapskanalen. TV4, TV6, and Kanal 5 are commercial channels.

  3. Question 3 of 10

    Consider the following statements about the public-service fee that replaced the TV-avgift: 1. It is individual rather than per-household. 2. It is based on income, up to a yearly maximum. 3. It is collected by a separate body unrelated to the tax authority. Which are correct?

    • 1, 2 and 3
    • 1 and 3 only
    • 1 and 2 only
    • 2 and 3 only
    Explanation

    1 and 2 only — Statements 1 and 2 are correct: the public-service fee is individual and income-based up to a cap. Statement 3 is wrong — it is collected through the ordinary tax system by Skatteverket, not a separate body.

  4. Question 4 of 10

    In which year was Sveriges Utbildningsradio formed?

    • 1925
    • 1956
    • 1978
    • 2004
    Explanation

    1978 — UR was formed in 1978 and took over the work of an earlier state committee.

  5. Question 5 of 10

    In what year was Sweden's principle of public access to government documents first enacted?

    • 1809
    • 1905
    • 1766
    • 1974
    Explanation

    1766 — Tryckfrihetsförordningen, enacted 1766, is the world's oldest freedom-of-information and press-freedom law.

  6. Question 6 of 10

    What are Sveriges Radio's four national channels?

    • Ekot, Kulturnytt, Sporten and Vetenskapsradion
    • SVT1, SVT2, Kunskapskanalen and Barnkanalen
    • Radio 1, Radio 2, Radio 3 and Radio 4
    • P1, P2, P3 and P4
    Explanation

    P1, P2, P3 and P4 — Ekot, Kulturnytt, Sporten and Vetenskapsradion are editorial programmes rather than channels, and SVT1, SVT2, Kunskapskanalen and Barnkanalen are television channels.

  7. Question 7 of 10

    Which SR channel focuses on classical music and jazz?

    • P1
    • P4
    • P3
    • P2
    Explanation

    P2 — P2 is SR's channel for classical music, jazz, and minority-language programming.

  8. Question 8 of 10

    What must a periodical publication have under the Freedom of the Press Act?

    • A permit from the municipality
    • Approval from the government
    • Membership of an association
    • A named responsible publisher
    Explanation

    A named responsible publisher — A named responsible publisher is a requirement for the publication's constitutional protection.

  9. Question 9 of 10

    In which year did Swedish public service broadcasting begin?

    • 1901
    • 1925
    • 1919
    • 1956
    Explanation

    1925 — The remit today covers news, culture, drama, sport and education across the whole country.

  10. Question 10 of 10

    What are the two main forms of Swedish state media support?

    • Wage support and premises support
    • Editorial support and distribution support
    • Start-up grants and export support
    • Training support and research support
    Explanation

    Editorial support and distribution support — Extended editorial support also exists for weakly covered areas and for the national minority languages.

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