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Sverige i fokus · chapter 10

Sweden's modern history

This chapter follows Sweden from farming country to modern society. Industrialisation and mass emigration to America reshaped the 19th century, and the popular movements gave ordinary people organising experience. Suffrage became universal around 1918–1921, and Sweden stayed out of both world wars. The post-war decades brought strong growth, an expanded welfare state and large-scale housing construction, and from the late 20th century immigration has shaped society.

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Topics from: Sverige i fokus (UHR)

Chapter overview

Worth knowing

Facts from the chapter that come up often in the questions.

  1. 01 Per Albin Hansson Coined 'folkhemmet' in 1928.
  2. 02 The digital revolution The digital revolution dates from the 1990s onwards.
  3. 03 Swedish social contract (folkhemmet) The Swedish social contract pairs universal welfare with broad-based taxation and high labour-force participation.
  4. 04 Du-reformen (the 'you' reform) The iconic moment is Bror Rexed's welcome speech on 3 July 1967.
  5. 05 Swedish Neutrality in World War II Sweden formally neutral 1939-1945; the only Nordic state neither occupied nor at war.
  6. 06 Swedish diplomatic protection in WWII Raoul Wallenberg arrived Budapest July 1944 as Swedish special envoy
  7. 07 Swedish protection of Jews in World War II Around 7,200 Danish Jews ferried to Sweden in October 1943.
  8. 08 Swedish Neutrality in World War I Sweden declared WWI neutrality 3 August 1914.

10 questions

Practice questions

  1. Question 1 of 10

    Who succeeded Per Albin Hansson as Sweden's prime minister in 1946?

    • Hjalmar Branting
    • Östen Undén
    • Tage Erlander
    • Olof Palme
    Explanation

    Tage Erlander — Tage Erlander took over in 1946 and went on to hold the post for 23 years.

  2. Question 2 of 10

    How is Sweden described today as a result of the digital revolution?

    • A closed digital market
    • A post-industrial farming economy
    • A high-technology information society
    • An offline welfare state
    Explanation

    A high-technology information society — Digitalisation reshaped work, study and trade, and Sweden is now described as a high-technology information society.

  3. Question 3 of 10

    On what date did Per Albin Hansson give the speech that is treated as the founding text of folkhemmet?

    • 20 December 1938
    • 1 May 1936
    • 18 January 1928
    • 6 October 1946
    Explanation

    18 January 1928 — Per Albin Hansson delivered the folkhem speech in the second chamber of the Riksdag on 18 January 1928.

  4. Question 4 of 10

    On what date did Bror Rexed give the iconic du-reform welcome speech to his staff?

    • 1 May 1965
    • 3 July 1967
    • 20 December 1972
    • 12 October 1968
    Explanation

    3 July 1967 — Bror Rexed's welcome speech to staff as the new director-general, on 3 July 1967, is treated as the iconic moment of the du-reform.

  5. Question 5 of 10

    When did Sweden abolish its wealth tax?

    • 1991
    • 2007
    • 2003
    • 1997
    Explanation

    2007 — Sweden abolished the wealth tax (förmögenhetsskatt) in 2007 under the centre-right Reinfeldt government.

  6. Question 6 of 10

    Which two Nordic countries did Nazi Germany occupy from 9 April 1940?

    • Denmark and Norway
    • Norway and Finland
    • Denmark and Iceland
    • Finland and Iceland
    Explanation

    Denmark and Norway — Operation Weserübung put Denmark and Norway under German occupation on 9 April 1940. Iceland was occupied a month later by Britain (10 May 1940), handed over to US forces in July 1941 — a pre-emptive Allied occupation, not an Axis one. Finland fought the Soviet Union but was never occupied, and Sweden was neither occupied nor at war.

  7. Question 7 of 10

    What happened to Raoul Wallenberg on 17 January 1945?

    • He disappeared into Soviet custody
    • He was killed in an air raid
    • He returned to Stockholm
    • He was appointed ambassador
    Explanation

    He disappeared into Soviet custody — Wallenberg vanished into Soviet custody; his fate has never been established.

  8. Question 8 of 10

    Roughly how many Danish Jews were ferried to Sweden in October 1943?

    • About 1,800
    • About 30,000
    • About 15,000
    • About 7,200
    Explanation

    About 7,200 — Around 7,200 Danish Jews crossed to Sweden in October 1943, with about 700 non-Jewish family members.

  9. Question 9 of 10

    On what date did Sweden declare neutrality at the start of World War I?

    • 11 November 1918
    • 11 November 1914
    • 5 May 1917
    • 3 August 1914
    Explanation

    3 August 1914 — Sweden declared official neutrality on 3 August 1914 — two days after Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August. The country maintained neutrality throughout the war.

  10. Question 10 of 10

    What have the Sami called for regarding the racial-biology archives?

    • That they be destroyed without record
    • That they be ignored
    • That they be sold
    • That they be returned to Sami control and treated with the dignity owed to their ancestors
    Explanation

    That they be returned to Sami control and treated with the dignity owed to their ancestors — The Sami community has called for the racial-biology archives — images of their ancestors taken for a racist purpose — to be returned to Sami control and treated with the dignity owed to the people they depict.

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